强奸乱伦
感德节，感谢有你全部相伴。
🤔️小功课：
1. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a common concern of thank-you note writers?
A) Their writing will be heavily scrutinized.
B) The recipient might feel awkward receiving the note.
C) The note might seem insincere.
D) The note will not reach the recipient in time.
无翔实原文：
You Should Actually Send That Thank You Note You've Been Meaning to Write
From: The New York Times
Dear reader，
We want to let you know that we are grateful that you are taking the time to click on this headline. Because without you reading the story， what's the point?
We are now going to use your precious time to share a surprising new finding: People like getting thank you notes.强奸乱伦
O.K.， it's not that surprising. But what did surprise two psychologists as they attempted to get to bottom of why so few people actually send thank yous is that many people totally “miscalibrate” the effect of an appreciative email. They underestimate the positive feelings it will bring.
“They think it's not going to be that big a deal，” said Amit Kumar， a professor at the University of Texas at Austin who studies well-being.
They also overestimate how insincere the note may appear and how uncomfortable it will make the recipient feel， their study found.
But after receiving thank-you notes and filling out questionnaires about how it felt to get them， many said they were “ecstatic，” scoring the happiness rating at 4 of 5. The senders typically guessed they'd evoke a 3.
To be clear — the notes in question were not your typical “thanks for the Amazon gift card.” Rather， the 100 or so participants in each of the four experiments were asked to write a short “gratitude letter” to a person who had affected them in some way. Sample letters included missives of appreciation to fellow students and friends who offered guidance through the college admissions process， job searches and tough times. In lab experiments， Dr. Kumar observed that it took most subjects less than five minutes to write the letters.
The study， published last month in the journal Psychological Science， is an effort to fill a hole in the growing field of gratitude research. Numerous studies had documented a range of benefits to individuals who express gratitude， so then the question researchers turned to was — what's holding people back?
Along with underestimating the value of sending a note to another person， many seemed to be concerned with how much their writing would be scrutinized.
As it turned out， most recipients didn't care how the notes were phrased， they cared about warmth， Dr. Kumar and his co-author Nicholas Epley， a professor at the University of Chicago， found. Participants were also judged to be more competent at writing than they expected.
This finding was “a gem” that is “worthy of future research” said Sara Algoe， a professor at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill， who also researches gratitude， in an email.
“I like that their work reinforces the value of just saying something，” she wrote.
Researchers also encouraged the writers of the thank-you messages to mention that a study had spurred their letters， something that doesn't usually happen in real life. How often do we get to tell someone， “a scientist asked me to do this” before making ourselves vulnerable? The study found that many subjects were concerned that recipients would feel awkward upon receiving the compliment-filled letters. (Recipients rarely did.) Wouldn't those concerns intensify without a good excuse for sending it?
Perhaps， said Dr. Kumar. But that should not undermine what he sees as the broader finding: People tend to undervalue the positive effect they can have on others for a tiny investment of time.
Most people don't read this far so thanks for that，
The New York Times Health and Science Desk
- ◆ -
注：完竣题目见本文来源；汉文文本为纽约时报官方译文，仅供参考
含翔实全文：
You Should Actually Send That Thank You Note You've Been Meaning to Write 一封感谢信带来的幸福感
From: The New York Times
Dear reader，
亲爱的读者，
We want to let you know that we are grateful that you are taking the time to click on thisheadline. Because without you reading the story， what's the point?
咱们想让你知说念，咱们极端谢忱你能花技术点开这篇著述的标题。因为要是莫得你的阅读，又有什么料想呢？
headline
headline /ˈhed.laɪn/ 作动词，1）暗示“以…为标题；以…为主要故事”，英文解释为“to have something as a headline or as the main story”举个🌰：The story was headlined "Killer dogs on the loose". 这篇报说念的标题是：“杀东说念主恶犬鼎力逞凶”。
2）暗示“（在文娱活动中）献艺主角，充任主角”，英文解释为“to be the main performer at an entertainment event”举个🌰：The band's headlining appearance at the festival could be their last. 这支乐队音乐节上唱起了主角，但这可能是他们临了一次上演了。
作名词，暗示“（报纸的）标题；（电视或播送的）内容概要”，英文解释为“a line of words printed in large letters as the title of a story in a newspaper， or the main points of the news that are broadcast on television or radio”举个🌰：The news of his death was splashed in headlines across all the newspapers. 通盘报纸均以显着的标题刊登了他牺牲的音讯。
We are now going to use your precious time to share a surprising new finding: People like getting thank you notes.
咱们现时将占用你宝贵的技术来共享一个出东说念主猜测的新发现：东说念主们心爱收到抒发感谢的条子。
O.K.， it's not that surprising. But what did surprise two psychologists as they attempted toget to bottom ofwhy so few people actually send thank yous is that many people totally “miscalibrate” the effect of anappreciativeemail. Theyunderestimatethe positive feelings it will bring.
好吧，这不是那么令东说念主有时。关联词当两位神气学家想要弄深远为什么事实上很少有东说念主会寄感谢信时，让他们感到骇怪的是，好多东说念主所有这个词造作地揣摸了一封感谢邮件的后果。他们低估了它所能带来的积极感受。
get to the bottom of sth
get to the bottom of sth暗示“对…寻踪觅迹；找到…的真相”，英文解释为“to discover the truth about a situation”举个🌰：I'm not sure what is causing the problem， but I'm determined to get to the bottom of it. 我现时不成细则导致这个问题的原因是什么，不外我一定要弄个领会。
miscalibrate
calibrate /ˈkæl.ɪ.breɪt/ 1）暗示“差别刻度，标定”，英文解释为“to mark units of measurement on an instrument such so that it can measure accurately”如：a calibrated stick for measuring the amount of oil in an engine 测量引擎中油量的标尺。
2）暗示“更正（测量器具）”，英文解释为“to check a measuring instrument to see if it is accurate”
appreciative
appreciative /əˈpriː.ʃə.tɪv/ 暗示“有欣赏力的；谢忱的”，英文解释为“showing that you understand how good something is， or are grateful for something”举个🌰：I'm very appreciative of all the support you've given me. 你一直那么相沿我，我极端谢忱。
underestimate
underestimate /ˌʌn.dəˈres.tɪ.meɪt/ 暗示“低估；（对…）揣摸不及”，英文解释为“to fail to guess or understand the real cost， size， difficulty， etc. of something”举个🌰：Don't underestimate the difficulties of getting both parties to the conference table. 要让两边坐下来研讨，难度不可小觑。
“They think it's not going to be that big a deal，” said Amit Kumar， a professor at the University of Texas at Austin who studies well-being.
“他们合计这不是个大事儿，”阿米特·库马尔(Amit Kumar)说。他是德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校一位议论幸福感的考验。
They also overestimate how insincere the note may appear and how uncomfortable it will make therecipientfeel， their study found.
他们的议论发现，东说念主们还高估了条子所可能呈显出的不真挚，以及它可能给收信东说念主带来的不适感。
recipient
recipient /rɪˈsɪp.i.ənt/ 暗示“秉承者；选定者；承受者”，英文解释为“a person who receives something”举个🌰：He was a recipient of the Civilian Service Award. 他被授予子民功绩奖章。
But after receiving thank-you notes and filling outquestionnairesabout how it felt to get them， many said they were “ecstatic，” scoring the happiness rating at 4 of 5. The senders typically guessed they'devokea 3.
关联词在收到抒发感谢的条子，并填写了相关收信感受的走访问卷后，好多东说念主说他们“喜从天降”，并将幸福指数打为4分（满分5分）。寄信东说念主频繁猜测他们会打3分。
questionnaire
questionnaire /ˌkwes.tʃəˈneər/ 暗示“问卷；情况走访表”，英文解释为“a list of questions that several people are asked so that information can be collected about something”
ecstatic
ecstatic /ɪkˈstæt.ɪk/ 暗示“狂喜的，喜从天降的”，英文解释为“extremely happy”举个🌰：He was greeted by an ecstatic crowd. 他受到狂热东说念主群的强烈宽饶。
evoke
evoke /ɪˈvəʊk/ 暗示“唤起（顾虑）；引起（想法、厚谊、反映）”，英文解释为“To evoke a particular memory， idea， emotion， or response means to cause it to occur.”举个🌰：The music evoked memories of her youth. 这乐曲勾起了她对后生时间的回忆。
To be clear — the notes in question were not your typical “thanks for the Amazon gift card.” Rather， the 100 or so participants in each of the four experiments were asked to write a short “gratitudeletter” to a person who had affected them in some way. Sample letters includedmissivesof appreciation to fellow students and friends who offered guidance through the college admissions process， job searches and tough times. In lab experiments， Dr. Kumar observed that it took most subjects less than five minutes to write the letters.
需要明确的是，这里触及的并非频繁那种“谢谢你的亚马逊礼品卡”之类的条子。被分派到四组实验中的每组约100名参与者，内容上被条款写一封或者的“感德信”，给也曾以某种容貌影响过他们的东说念主。样本信中有向在大学考中、求职以及东说念主生的贫瘠时光里给过我方带领的同窗及好友的感谢信。在室内历练中，库马尔发现大多数受试者用来写这些感谢信的技术不到五分钟。
gratitude
gratitude /ˈɡræt.ɪ.tʃuːd/ 暗示“谢忱之情，感谢”，英文解释为“the feeling or quality of being grateful”如：deep/eternal gratitude 深深的感谢/谢忱不尽。
missive
missive /ˈmɪsɪv/ 暗示“书信；函件”，英文解释为“A missive is a letter or other message that someone sends.”如：the customary missive from your dear mother 你亲爱的母亲如常寄来的一封乡信。
The study， published last month in the journal Psychological Science， is an effort to fill a hole in the growing field of gratitude research. Numerous studies had documented a range of benefits to individuals who express gratitude， so then the question researchers turned to was — what's holding people back?
这项议论上个月发表在《神气科学》期刊上，旨在弥补感德议论这一新兴议论鸿沟的空缺。大宗议论照旧证明抒发谢忱对个体的各式平正，那么议论者们死力的问题即是——是什么在拦阻东说念主们抒发谢忱？
Along with underestimating the value of sending a note to another person， many seemed to be concerned with how much their writing would bescrutinized.
除了低估给别东说念主寄条子的价值，好多东说念主似乎还很戒备他们的写稿会受到如何的注目。
scrutinize
scrutinize /ˈskruː.tɪ.naɪz/ 暗示“仔知悉看，审查”，英文解释为“If you scrutinize something， you examine it very carefully， often to find out some information from it or about it.”举个🌰：Her purpose was to scrutinize his features to see if he was an honest man. 她的主张是仔知悉看他的特征看他是不是个憨厚的东说念主。
As it turned out， most recipients didn't care how the notes werephrased， they cared about warmth， Dr. Kumar and his co-author Nicholas Epley， a professor at the University of Chicago， found. Participants were also judged to be more competent at writing than they expected.
限定标明，大多数收信东说念主并不戒备条子上的内容是如何措辞的，库马尔和他的合著者、芝加哥大学考验尼古拉斯·艾普利(Nicholas Epley)发现，他们戒备的是柔和。受试者的写稿水平赢得的评判，也好于他们的预期。
phrase
phrase /freɪz/ 作动词，暗示“用…容貌抒发，以…措词抒发”，英文解释为“to express something with a particular choice of words”举个🌰：The declaration was carefully/cleverly/tactfully， etc. phrased. 宣言措词严慎/精巧/圆滑等。
作名词，1）暗示“短语”，英文解释为“a group of words that is part of， rather than the whole of， a sentence”
2）暗示“说法；用语；警语”，英文解释为“a short group of words that are often used together and have a particular meaning”
This finding was “agem” that is “worthy of future research” said Sara Algoe， a professor at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill， who also researches gratitude， in an email.
这项发现是一个值得后续议论的“张含韵”，北卡罗莱纳大学教堂山分校的考验莎拉·阿尔戈(Sara Algoe)在一封邮件中写说念，她议论的亦然感德。
gem
gem /dʒem/ 1）暗示“（尤指切割陋习章时势的）救援”，英文解释为“a jewel (= precious stone)， especially when cut into a particular regular shape”
2）暗示“难能庄重的东说念主（或物）；被东说念主疼爱的东说念主（或物）；极端有效的东说念主（或物）”，英文解释为“someone or something that is very good， pleasing， or useful”举个🌰：He's a real gem - you'd be a fool to break up with him. 他可真的个宝贝——你得是个傻瓜才会想要跟他离异。
“I like that their workreinforcesthe value of just saying something，” she wrote.
“说出来老是有价值的，他们的议论相沿了这个不雅点，这是我心爱的所在，”她写说念。
reinforce
reinforce /ˌriː.ɪnˈfɔːs/ 1）暗示“加强；充实；使更强烈；进一步说明（不雅点、观点等）”，英文解释为“to make a feeling， an idea， etc. stronger”举个🌰：Such jokes tend to reinforce racial stereotypes. 这么的见笑容易渲染种族偏见。
2）暗示“加固；使更镇定”，英文解释为“to make a structure or material stronger， especially by adding another material to it”举个🌰：All buildings are now reinforced to withstand earthquakes. 通盘拓荒现齐已加固，以抗地震。
Researchers also encouraged the writers of the thank-you messages to mention that a study hadspurredtheir letters， something that doesn't usually happen in real life. How often do we get to tell someone， “a scientist asked me to do this” before making ourselves vulnerable? The study found that many subjects were concerned that recipients would feel awkward upon receiving thecompliment-filled letters. (Recipients rarely did.) Wouldn't those concerns intensify without a good excuse for sending it?
议论者们还饱读励这些感谢信的作家们在信中说起，是一项议论激发了他们写下这些信，这是实际生涯中频繁不会发生的事。咱们什么时候会在表露我方之前，跟东说念主说是“一个科学家让我这么作念的”呢？议论标明，好多受试者很戒备收信东说念主会在收到充满赞扬的信时感到无语。（收信东说念主很少这么。）那些牵记是否会在穷困一个适应的寄信情理时加重？
spur
spur /spɜːr/ 暗示“饱读励；激发；鼓动；刺激；饱读舞”，英文解释为“If one thing spurs you to do another， it encourages you to do it.”举个🌰：It's the money that spurs these fishermen to risk a long ocean journey in their flimsy boats. 是钞票驱使这些渔民驾驶单薄的划子冒险出海远航。Spurred (on) by her early success， she went on to write four more novels in rapid succession. 受到之前见效的饱读励，她紧接着又流畅写了4部演义。
compliment
compliment /ˈkɒm.plɪ.mənt/ 不错作动词，也不错作名词，暗示“赞好意思；奖饰；钦佩；问候；致意”，英文解释为“to tell sb that you like or admire sth they have done， their appearance， etc.”举个🌰：She complimented him on his excellent German. 她夸奖他德语棒极了。
区分：
📍complement /ˈkɒm.plɪ.ment/ 暗示“补充；补足；使完善；为…增色”，英文解释为“to make something else seem better or more attractive when combining with it”举个🌰：Strawberries and cream complement each other perfectly. 草莓加奶油瑕瑜分明。
Perhaps， said Dr. Kumar. But that should notunderminewhat he sees as the broader finding: People tend to undervalue the positive effect they can have on others for a tiny investment of time.
也许吧，库马尔说。但那不应该裁汰他认为更具有平素料想的一个发现：东说念主们频频低估了我方破耗一丝的一丝技术所能给别东说念主带来的积极影响。
undermine
undermine /ˌʌn.dəˈmaɪn/ 暗示“（常指逐渐地）裁汰信心、泰斗等，毁伤”，英文解释为“to make someone less confident， less powerful， or less likely to succeed， or to make something weaker， often gradually”举个🌰：Criticism just undermines their confidence. 品评仅仅裁汰了他们的信心。
Most people don't read this far so thanks for that，
大多数东说念主齐没读到这儿，因此，感谢你读完，
The New York Times Health and Science Desk
《纽约时报》健康与科学裁剪部
- 词汇清点 -
headline、 get to the bottom of sth、 miscalibrate、 appreciative、 underestimate、 recipient、 questionnaire、 ecstatic、 evoke、 gratitude、 missive、 scrutinize、 phrase、 gem、 reinforce、 spur、 compliment、 undermine
- 词汇助记 By ChatGPT -
The headline recipient， ecstatic yet appreciative， scrutinized a miscalibrated questionnaire. A missive with compliments evoked gratitude， but phrases undermined intent. Spurred to get to the bottom， they reinforced findings， turning the report into a gem to never underestimate.
- 保举阅读 -
写在九周年的话
为了这个书册，准备了3年10个月
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- END -
LearnAndRecord
2015年2月8日
2024年11月28日
第3582天
每天抓续活动学外语强奸乱伦